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Backgound on VBM

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a technique that uses a voxel-by-voxel comparison of tissue concentration between different groups of subjects. This involves spatial normalization of all images to the same stereotactic space, extracting gray or white matter segments, smoothing the images, and finally carrying out statistical analyses to make inferences about the data. Corrections for multiple comparisons are made using the theory of Gaussian Random Fields.

Here is a presentation on VBM Theory and Methods .

Readings on VBM Methods

  • A. Mechelli, C.J. Price, K.J. Friston, and J. Ashburner. Voxel-Based Morphometry of the Human Brain: Methods and Applications. Current Medical Imaging Reviews, pp 105-113, 2005. PDF

  • J. Ashburner and K.J. Friston. Why voxel-based morphometry should be used. NeuroImage, 14(6):1238-1243, 2001. PDF

  • J. Ashburner and K.J. Friston. Voxel-Based Morphometry -- The Methods. NeuroImage, 11:805-821, 2000. PDF

The Bookstein Controversy

This refers to the debated issue of imperfectly registered images, and the impact this has on SPM results. The document by Thacker also addresses some other pitfalls of VBM that one should be aware of, before conducting any of these analyses.

  • A. Mechelli, C.J. Price, K.J. Friston, and J. Ashburner. Voxel-Based Morphometry of the Human Brain: Methods and Applications. Current Medical Imaging Reviews, pp 105-113, 2005. PDF

  • Bookstein F. "Voxel-based Morphometry" should not be used with imperfectly registered images. PDF

  • Thacker, N.A. A Critical Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry (2005). PDF